D265 Critical Thinking Reason and Evidence
Critical Thinking Terms:
- Premise – The statements being offered in support of the
- Conclusion – is the statement being argued
- Non–Propositions – are not statements about matters of fact (or fiction). They do not make a claim that can be true or false.
- Deductive Arguments – Arguments where the premises guarantee or necessitate the conclusion. Leaves no question or possibility.
- Example: All rabbits have long Bugs is a rabbit. Consequently, Bugs has long ears.
- Inductive Arguments – Arguments where the premises make the conclusion (I think)
- Example: Because most penguins are from areas with cold climates, it is probable that the penguin you saw at the zoo was from an area with a cold climate.
- Abduction Arguments – Arguments where the best available explanation is chosen as the correct explanation.
- Validity – In a good deductive argument structure, true premises make the conclusion necessarily true.
- Example: When I went outside this morning, the grass was completely covered with dew. It must have rained last night.
- Valid Argument – It is not possible that the conclusion is false when the premises are
- Example: Ralph is a No dogs are allowed on the roller-coaster. Therefore, Ralph is not allowed on the roller-coaster.
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